What is a crankshaft position sensor
What is a crankshaft position sensor ?
The crankshaft position sensor is one of the most important sensors in the engine electronic control system. It provides ignition timing (ignition advance angle) and signals to confirm the crankshaft position. It is used to detect the piston top dead center, crankshaft angle and engine speed. The structure of the crankshaft position sensor varies with different models, and can be divided into three categories: magnetic pulse type, photoelectric type and Hall type. It is usually installed at the front end of the crankshaft, the front end of the camshaft, on the flywheel or in the distributor.
Classification of crankshaft position sensor ?
Magnetoelectric induction type: This type of sensor consists of a permanent magnetic induction detection coil and a rotor (timing rotor and speed rotor), and the rotor rotates with the distributor shaft. The timing rotor has one, two or four teeth, and the speed rotor has 24 teeth. The permanent magnetic induction detection coil is fixed on the distributor body. The crankshaft position of each cylinder can be determined by the known speed sensor signal and crankshaft position sensor signal, as well as the working order of each cylinder.
Hall Effect: This sensor works on the principle of Hall Effect and is usually used to detect changes in magnetic fields to measure the position and speed of the crankshaft. They are widely used in various automobiles and mechanical equipment and are favored for their high accuracy and reliability.
Photoelectric: This sensor uses the photoelectric effect to detect the position and speed of the crankshaft, usually composed of a light-emitting diode and a photosensitive element. When the crankshaft rotates, the light emitted by the light-emitting diode is blocked or passed by the mark on the crankshaft, thereby generating an electrical signal, which is used to determine the position and speed of the crankshaft.
Working principle of crankshaft position sensor
Magneto-electric induction: This type of sensor is usually installed at the front end (pulley) or rear end of the vehicle crankshaft near the large flywheel, or in the middle of the crankshaft. It works on the principle of magnetic pulses, and the signal disk on the crankshaft (a thin round tooth disk with fine teeth) rotates with the crankshaft. When the teeth and flanges of the signal disk pass through the sensor, it causes the magnetic field passing through the induction coil to change, thereby generating an alternating electromotive force in the induction coil. This electromotive force is filtered and shaped into a pulse signal and transmitted to the engine control unit (ECU).
The role of the crankshaft position sensor ?
Determine the position of the crankshaft: The crankshaft position sensor can accurately sense the rotation angle of the crankshaft, thereby determining the specific position of the piston in the cylinder. This is crucial for the control of ignition timing and fuel injection.
Where is the crankshaft position sensor located?
The crankshaft position sensor is usually installed at the front end of the vehicle crankshaft (at the pulley), at the rear end of the crankshaft near the large flywheel, or in the middle of the crankshaft. It can also be installed in the distributor or on the flywheel, and the specific location may vary depending on the model and design.
Front end of the crankshaft (at the pulley): This is one of the most common installation locations. The sensor is installed at the front end of the crankshaft and works through the pulley drive.
FAQ Abaout Crankshaft Position Sensor?
Failure phenomenon: The signal transmission is not within the normal range, resulting in the engine being unable to accurately perform sequential injection and ignition timing control.
Solution: A professional repair point is required for inspection and adjustment.
Is the engine difficult to start and the ignition time is too late? Magnetic induction crankshaft position sensor failure
Failure phenomenon: The engine is difficult to start and the ignition time is too late.
Solution: Replan the driving route or contact the maintenance station, check the ignition system, and ensure that its function is restored.
Poor acceleration, automatic flameout? Photoelectric crankshaft position sensor failure
Failure phenomenon: Poor acceleration, automatic flameout, high-voltage spark.
Solution: Check the ignition system, repair the poor, and solve the problem of weak high-voltage spark.
Improper installation or type difference?
Failure phenomenon: Improper installation or type difference of crankshaft position sensor may cause failure.
Solution: Professional maintenance is necessary.
Insufficient vehicle power performance? Intermittent failure of the crankshaft position sensor
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